Medical Information: Scientific Literature
Take a deeper look at TEPEZZA data and other focused topics by exploring the scientific literature and other medical resources below. Additional Horizon medicines will be added soon.
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I. Understanding TED
Update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surfaceNovaes P, Diniz Grisolia AB, Smith TJ. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;2(1):19.
Thyroid eye disease Redefining its management—A reviewJain AP, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Douglas RS. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2021;49(2):203-211.
Updates on the understanding and management of thyroid eye diseaseMen CJ, Kossler AL, Wester ST. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211027760.
2021 update on thyroid-associated ophthalmophathyNeag EJ, Smith TJ. J Endocrinol Invest (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01663-9
Characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic thyroid eye disease patients in the United States: a claims-based analysisPatel VK, Padnick-Silver L, D'Souza S, et al. Endocr Pract. 2022 Feb;28(2):159-164.
Graves' diseaseSmith TJ, Hegedüs L. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(16):1552-1565.
II. Impact and Burden of TED
Quality of life and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: Current conceptsBruscolini A, Sacchetti M, La Cava M, et al. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(7):639-643.
Public health relevance of Graves’ orbitopathyPonto KA, Merkesdal S, Hommel G, Pitz S, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(1):145-152.
Physician-perceived impact of thyroid eye disease on patient quality of life in the USWang Y, Sharma A, Padnick-Silver L, et al. Ophthalmol Ther. 2021;10(1):75-87.
Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Thyroid Eye Disease in the United StatesCockerham, K.P., Padnick-Silver, L., Stuertz, N. et al. Ophthalmol Ther 10, 975–987 (2021).
III. Diagnosis and Treatment of TED
The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, MinnesotaBartley GB, Fatourechi V, Kadrmas EF, et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;120(4):511-517.
Grading severity and activity in thyroid eye diseaseDolman PJ. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;34(4S Suppl 1):S34-S40.
A new era in the treatment of thyroid eye diseasePatel A, Yang H, Douglas RS. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;208:281-288.
Proptosis and Diplopia Response With Teprotumumab and Placebo vs the Recommended Treatment Regimen With Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease: A Meta-analysis and Matching-Adjusted Indirect ComparisonDouglas RS, Dailey R, Subramanian PS, et al. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online February 17, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.6284.
IV. Pathophysiology of TED
Evidence for an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors: a tale of two antigens implicated in Graves' diseaseTsui S, Naik V, Hoa N, et al. J Immunol. 2008;181(6):4397-4405.
TSH-IGF-1 receptor cross talk in Graves’ ophthalmopathy pathogenesisKrieger CC, Place RF, Bevilacqua C, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(6):2340-2347.
40 years f IGF1 IGF-I receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathyMohyi M, Smith TJ. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018;61(1):T29-T43.
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathySmith TJ, Janssen JAMJL. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(1):236-267.
V. Teprotumumab
Teprotumumab in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: Rationale for therapeutic insulin-like growth factor–I receptor inhibitionSmith TJ. J Neuroophthalmol. 2020;40(1):74-83.
Teprotumumab for non-inflammatory thyroid eye disease (TED): Evidence for increased IGF1-R expressionUgradar S, Shi L, Wang Y, Mester T, Yang H, Douglas RS. EYE. 2021;35(9):2607-2612.
Infusion Center Guidelines for Teprotumumab Infusions: Informed Consent, Safety, and Management of Side EffectsJ, Lechuga M, Braun J, et al. J Infus Nurs. 2021 Nov-Dec 01;44(6):331-338. doi: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000446
VI. Teprotumumab Clinical Trials
Phase 3 OPTIC Study Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye diseaseDouglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(4):341-352.
Teprotumumab for patients with active thyroid eye disease: a pooled data analysis, subgroup analyses, and off-treatment follow-up results from two randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicentre trialsKahaly GJ, Douglas RS, Holt RJ, Sile S, Smith TJ. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):360-372.
Phase 3 Extension Study: Teprotumumab efficacy, safety, and durability in longer duration thyroid eye disease and retreatment (OPTIC-X)Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Ugradar S, et al. Ophthalmology. Published online 2021. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.017
Phase 2 Study Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathySmith TJ, Kahaly GJ, Ezra DG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1748-1761.
Teprotumumab, an antibody that blocks the IGF-I receptor, causes dramatic improvement in Graves' orbitopathyHershman JM. Clin Thyroidol. 2017;29(7):261-263.
Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antagonist antibody, in the treatment of active thyroid eye disease: A focus on proptosisDouglas RS. EYE. 2019;33(2):183-190.
Teprotumumab reduces extraocular muscle and orbital fat volume in thyroid eye diseaseJain AP, Gellada N, Ugradar S, Kumar A, Kahaly G, Douglas R. Br J Ophthalmol. Published online 2020:bjophthalmol-2020-317806.
Teprotumumab Interpreting the clinical trials in the context of TED pathogenesis and current therapiesWinn BJ, Kersten RC. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(11):1627-1651.
VII. Clinical Experience with Teprotumumab
Early experience with teprotumumab for chronic thyroid eye diseaseOzzello DJ, Kikkawa DO, Korn BS. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020;19(100744):100744.
Resolution of pretibial myxedema with teprotumumab in a patient with Graves’ diseaseVarma A, Rheeman C, Levitt J. JAAD Case Rep. 2020;6(12):1281-1282.
Teprotumumab in clinical practice Recommendations and considerations from OPTIC trial investigatorsDouglas RS, Wang Y, Dailey RA, et al. J Neuroophthalmol. 2021;41(4):461-468.
Bilateral dysthyroid compression optic neuropathy responsive to teprotumumabHwang CJ, Nichols EE, Chon BH, Perry JD. Eur J Ophthalmol. Published online 2021:1120672121991042.
Improvement of asymmetric thyroid eye disease with teprotumumabUgradar S, Wang Y, Mester T, Kahaly GJ, Douglas R. Br J Ophthalmol. Published online 2021:bjophthalmol-2020-318314.
Early experience with the clinical use of teprotumumab in a heterogenous thyroid eye disease populationDiniz SB, Cohen LM, Roelofs KA, Rootman DB. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;37(6):583-591.
Teprotumumab for dysthyroid optic neuropathy Early response to therapySears CM, Azad AD, Dosiou C, Kossler AL. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;37(3S):S157-S160.
Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease Early response is not required for benefitUgradar S, Wang Y, Mester T, Kahaly GJ, Douglas RS. EYE. Published online 2021. doi:10.1038/s41433-021-01539-5
Facial and eyelid changes in thyroid eye disease are reversed by teprotumumabUgradar S, Braun J, Wang Y, Zimmerman E, Douglas RS. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(9):e3809.
Teprotumumab for the treatment of chronic thyroid eye diseaseUgradar, S., Kang, J., Kossler, A.L. et al. Eye (2021).
Teprotumumab for treatment of mild compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid eye disease a report of two casesChiou CA, Reshef ER, Freitag SK. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2021;22(101075):101075.
Efficacy and Safety of Teprotumumab in Thyroid Eye DiseaseTeo HM, Smith TJ, Joseph SS. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2021 Nov 25;17:1219-1230.
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